In this book (which is a reworked English version of my Czech 'Význam a struktura') I argue that recent and contemporary (post)analytic philosophy, as developed by Quine, Davidson, Sellars and Brandom, is largely structuralistic in the very sense in which structuralism was originally tabled by de Saussure. I reconstruct de Saussure's view of language, link it to modern formal logic and mathematics and reveal close analogies between its constitutive principles and the principles informing the holistic and neopragmatistic view of language put forward by Quine & comp. I also indicate that this view of language is not incompatible with formal approaches to semantics.